20 Geography Dissertation Topics to Call Your Audience to Action on Summer Holidays

20 Geography Dissertation Topics to Call Your Audience to Action on Summer Holidays 20 Geography Dissertation Topics to Call Your Audience to Action on Summer Holidays One of the most important choices you will ever make in your academic career is the topic for your dissertation! John Komlos, a university professor, in the Chicago Guide to Your Academic Career advices to take a balanced approach to the choice of dissertation topics. As you you’re supposed to deal with a kind of work for a long period of your student life, it will have an impact on the direction of a future career. In fact, choosing a topic is a challenge for most students. And you may be at a loss for what topic to choose, or you haven’t found any good ideas yet. Don’t get worried! There is a solution, and you have found it in this article. The key point is obvious: it has to be something you feel passionate about. You can be eager to write a dissertation on something that holds personal interest for you. A dissertation is too labor intensive. If you are stuck or looking for inspiration, you’re moving in the right direction. We have done some brainstorming with topics for your dissertation! The following ideas can match or be adjusted to your interests. They are very flexible! Here are 20 geography dissertation topics: The Earth’s Tilt is Changing: The Reasons, Causes, and Effects Does the Climate Change Mean an Everlasting Summer? Water and Air Pollution: How Do They Change the Environment Each Summer Caribbean Coral Ecosystems Are in Jeopardy Why Are Natural Environmental Hazards Becoming More Common in Summertime? How a Change in Air Pressure Influences a Change in Climate The World’s Oceans Getting Warmer: Is It Going to Affect the Population? The Solar Energy Issues in India World Migration Report 2018 Shows Ill Conceived Facts Why Could Subregions of Europe Experience Scorching Summers? Petroleum Extraction Is the Worst Thing for Our Summers Are Fires in Latin America Affecting the Landscape? Weather Forecasting Technological Advantages in the Modern World How Extraterrestrial Seasons Show Our Future Fertility Rate Increases Every Summer in America: What? and Why? The Hazardous Waste: The Realistic Solution Summer Droughts Can Decimate Cities Without Proper Planning Differences in Asian Cultural Identities Because of Geography Endangered Languages in Europe Need to Cross Borders to Survive Why Are People Conditioned to Care Less About the Environment in the Summertime? As you can see, almost all of these topics are related to summer in some way. This word used in dissertation topic will help keep your reader interested! Everybody loves summer, especially, summer holidays. These are a good way to keep people interested and keep yourself motivated when writing! It’s important to choose a topic that other people enjoy, otherwise, you will not catch their interest. Did you see one you really liked? Don’t worry if you didn’t, but hopefully, you did. Now that you have these topics in mind, you can come up with your own in an easier way. Feel free to combine one of these with something you have already thought of. Either way, you have come out a step ahead considering a topic. If you do like what you see, then, it is time to get started! The next step is either to create an outline or get expert help from a good writing service. That will ensure that you are headed in the right direction towards a great dissertation. Good luck with the writing process. It is a big undertaking for sure!

Critical essay on Crime and Punishment by Fosknor essays

Critical essay on Crime and Punishment by Fosknor essays The Civilian Verses the Military Justice System The Civilian Justice System and the Military Justice System differ in many ways. There are different factors considered in both systems based on the offense that has been committed. The comparison of the two systems is both amazing and sometimes very frustrating to other people that think justice is or is not served. In the state of Delaware, an individual can be punished in the following ways for the possession of marijuana: Any person who, on any single occasion, knowingly sells, manufactures, delivers or brings into this State, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, in excess of five pounds of marijuana is guilty of a class B felony, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in marijuana". If the quantity of marijuana involved is one of the following the individual is subject to be punished in the following manner: a. If the amount of marijuana is in excess of 5 pounds, but less than 100 pounds, the person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 3 years and to pay a fine of $25,000 b. If the amount of marijuana is 100 pounds or more, but less than 500 pounds, the person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 5 years and to pay a fine of $50,000. c. If the amount of marijuana is 500 pounds or more, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 years and to pay a fine $100,000. If a military member is charged with possession of marijuana in any amount, the member can received one or more of the following punishments: a. Letter of reprimand, if the amount is in the amount of ounces. The letter of reprimand can be accompanied with a reduction in grade and a fine up to 3 months of the members base pay. a. If the amount is one pound or more, the member is subject to court martial and could receive a dis...

Why should we read the book of job today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why should we read the book of job today - Essay Example More than a masterpiece of literature, however, the Book of Job it provides an insight on the nature of God, on the relationship of God and man, and a criticism to man’s understanding of God’s laws. Most people would say that the Book of Job provides man a guideline on how to suffer (Copeland 2006; Goldberg 2010), but it is more than that. It serves to answer three of the most difficult questions on suffering: What is suffering? Why do people suffer undeservedly? What kind of lessons can be taken from suffering? ALL ABOUT THE BOOK OF JOB According to Mark Copeland (2006), the Book of Job belongs to the Books of Poetry, along with Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. Just like the others, it is written in poetic style. Its author is unknown and the date of writing has been hotly debated among scholars. â€Å"All that can be said with certainty is that the author is a loyal Hebrew who was not bound by the popular creed that assumed suffering was alway s a direct result of sin† (Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown in Copeland 2006:4). It is often referred to as the â€Å"prime example of Hebrew wisdom literature† (Waters 1997:436) because it deals with a number of issues never discussed in the previous books of the Old Testament: the concept of theodicy1 and an understanding of the just and righteous God who allows underserved suffering in the world. At the start of the Book, the reader is introduced to Job, a man of remarkable character who was blessed with a huge family and a good fortune. This was then by a controversy presented through a conversation between God and Satan (Job 1:8-11): Has thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? Then Satan answered the Lord, and said, Doth Job fear God for nought? †¦[T]hou hast blessed the work of his hand, and his substance is increased in the land. But put forth thine hand now, a nd touch all that he hath, and he will curse thee to thy face To determine the veracity of Satan’s claim, God allow Satan to test Job. Job then lost everything he had – his children, his possessions, and was even inflicted with a sickness. But still he remained faithful and said â€Å"Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return thither: the Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away† (Job 1:21). After relating Job’s distress, the rest of the Book relates conversation (speeches in fact) between Job and his three friends, Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar. These three friends have incited him to repent from his sins, after all, this could be the only reason he is sufferng. Once he has repented, his friends claim, the Lord’s blessings will be restored and he will be prosperous again. Job was of course, confused. He has always been faithful to the Lord, and he even asked for forgiveness for his children’s errors, what secret sin was he being punished for? After three cycles of speeches wherein Job also expressed his confusion: â€Å"Wherefore the wicked live, become old†¦Their seed established in their sight with them†¦Their houses are safe from fear† (Job 21:7-9), a new character, Elihu, is introduced. He explains why he does not speak earlier: â€Å"Now Elihu has waited till Job has spoken, because they were elder than he† (Job 32:4). Elihu’s views about suffering was unlike the other three friends. Like Job, he knew that he lived according to God’

World View Religion Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World View Religion Analysis - Research Paper Example Existentialism has five major tenets. The first theme emphasizes the importance of how existence must be preceded with essence. Thus, a person could contribute his own self and actions in his existence to this world.2 The second theme would depend on a person’s inappropriate reasons and decisions. This could mean that an existentialist would not force himself or herself to think of ways to arrive at more complex ideas because one has the will of doing so. The third major tenet is the existentialism’s use of freedom, which contradicts the determinism of behavior. This notion tells that a person should not be manifested and controlled with the stimulating rewards for the behavior because one has a will and freedom to do things without conditions. The subsequent theme highlights subjectivity as a person’s search for a philosophical veracity. Hence, a person must find meaning in life with one’s personal immanence of mind and feelings instead of referring to on e’s own and others’ objectives. Such factor leads to the last tenet – people should live well according to their desires, needs and wants that would give them freedom leading to positivity and happiness. The belief system in existentialism disregards God as the man’s focus in search for meaning in life. Man intends to search oneself without highlighting the major importance of God’s omnipresence.3 There are certain contradictions to existentialism such as the quietism of despair which refers to one’s incapacity to react on the scriptural laws.4 Such objection refers to how one could be ineffective because one could have the tendency to be passive in moderating his life. This could prevent a person from improving something within him or her, because one tends to overindulge his or her freedom. Extensive objection tells that existentialism is unsoundly morbid in tolerating evil deeds as one’s freedom is abused.

Drama Coursework Essay Example for Free

Drama Coursework Essay The main reason I chose this extract was that there were two female characters in the extract and two female actors in the group. I liked the way the relationship between the two characters developed during the extract. At the beginning of the play, there is a professional, quite friendly relationship but by the end, both characters hate each other. I also liked the way my character, Mrs Lyons, descends into madness. When I first started to rehearse this play, I found that it was harder than I expected. This is the first serious play I have been involved in, so I found it hard to say the lines convincingly and naturally. I suggested that I should talk with a more educated voice and that my partner, Becky, should talk with a more common voice to emphasise the social difference between the two characters. I also suggested some ideas for what we should wear. In my coursework I wanted to present a convincing portrayal of a wealthy, educated woman who, faced with a extremely distressing, seemingly insurmountable personal problem, sees what looks like a perfect solution, but which ends up driving her to madness. I wanted to initially gain the audiences sympathy for her predicament by showing how much she wanted children and to show her as a reasonable person. I considered the second scene the most important as this was when my character discovered that her employee was expecting twins and couldnt afford to keep them both; and when the plan for Mrs Lyons to pretend to be pregnant and to keep one of the babies was hatched. In this scene, she promises Mrs Johnstone that the baby will be better off with her, and that Mrs Johnstone will be able to see him every day as she comes to work. However, in the next scene, she breaks that promise by sacking her. I wanted to show that the sacking was motivated by Mrs Johnstones paranoia. In the final scene I wanted to demonstrate that my characters mental health had deteriorated. I tried to portray that she was wealthy and educated was by talking in an upper-class, educated accent, and by dressing in a smart suit. I could have improved my performance by making my accent more pronounced, doing my hair in a more sophisticated way, and wearing some tasteful make-up. In the first scene I tried to convey her longing for a child by delivering the words as if I was completely wrapped up in my problem and as if I was talking to myself rather than anyone in particular. To demonstrate this, when I said the lines about only buying such a big house in the hope of having children, I looked down at the table rather than looking at my partner because I wanted to make it seem as if Mrs Lyons felt vulnerable because she was being so open. I concentrated on what I was doing at the time, which was getting something out of my bag, to try and convey that my character was fighting back tears, and didnt want to look at Mrs Johnstone in case she showed her any sympathy or pity, which might have made her cry. I think I could have emphasised my characters reaction when she found out that Mrs Johnstone was pregnant in a similar way to Kara when she choked back her tea. In the second scene I wanted to show the first signs of my characters madness, when, on learning that Mrs Johnstone is expecting twins, she comes up with the extraordinary idea that she should fake her pregnancy and take one of the babies. I tried to express how she got more excited by speaking more quickly and by the tone of my voice. I also moved around a lot and started to talk more to myself than to my partner as my character got more carried away with her plan. In the third scene, where Mrs Lyons sacks Mrs Johnstone, I started off talking in a very authoritative tone and avoided eye contact with Becky because the supply teacher explained that when you have a problem with someone, you dont look at them. As the conversation develops, and Mrs Johnstone threatens to take the baby away or tell the police, I wanted to show that Mrs Lyons was manipulating Mrs Johnstone by playing on her superstition and lying to her that shell be locked up if she tells anyone what happens. I showed this by getting close up to Becky and talking quite slowly and with a deep voice, in a threatening way. Because I am quite a bit taller than Becky, I was also able to look down on her, which reflected the difference in class between the two characters. I think it was a mistake to avoid mannerisms as compared to some other groups, whose little individual touches made their plays stand out, our performance was quite boring.

Obesity in America :: Overweight Obese essays

Obesity today is a widely spread nutritional disorder that can affect anybody at any age across North America, majority of the reason being because there are so many fast food restaurants at just about every corner. With its low prices people are not going to be making the right decisions in what type of food they consume in their diet. Some examples of the junk food would be: Microwave dinners, snack foods like potato chips, which have high calories. It is not necessarily junk foods that make people obese and fat. Too many carbohydrates and foods with lots of starch in an individual’s diet can also cause them to gain undesired weight. It is not always someone’s dietary decision that makes him or her obese. Genetics play a monumental factor in a person’s weight. For example, if a child is born with two obese parents there is an 80 percent of a chance that the child can be born or become obese later in his or her life. Pregnancy can make the mother gain about 20 p ounds after giving birth. Another said cause of weight gain is when the energy intake is more then the energy outtake in the body. That is not always the case. â€Å"According to recent reports, more than six in 10 adults are overweight or obese, and the number of overweight children is on the rise.† Is a quote taken from the McDonalds website. Some other problems for obesity can also be a result as problems such as:  · Laziness- Inactivity resulting from a dislike of physical activity.  · Psychological depression- Sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy, causing them to sometimes over eat even they are not hungry  · Genetically- As stated above. When it is passed down a family line, making it almost inevitable for children to born obese. If you were to ask someone how it feels to be obese, the given reply would probably be that they feel unattractive, and have low self-esteem, which can cause an indirect mental illness. This mental illness in some cases may lead to the person becoming so down and depressed that they may make an attempt and sometimes be successful in committing suicide. Being obese puts the person at risk of developing sicknesses and diseases like, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes (type 2), and some forms of cancer (prostate, breast and bowel.) There is something similar but opposite to obesity.

Consumer Society Essay

Write an essay that outlines the view that a consumer society is a divided society. In response to this statement, there needs to be consideration as to whether or not a consumer society, like the one we live in in the UK, is a divided one or not and if so then where these divisions are displayed. Therefore throughout this essay, I’m going to explore some potential divides within society, specifically looking at division between the rich and poor, able-bodied and less able, and lastly the division created between those who have power to influence where we shop and those that do not have as much power, drawing on the example of supermarkets vs. small shop keepers on the high street influencing the consumer public. I will be using ideas from social scientists such as Bauman and Susman to further illustrate my points. As I examine evidence on potential divisions I hope to conclude that the consumer society, in which we live in, is moreover a divided one. Good, well done a cracking introduction here Gwen. This is just fine. Firstly, it could be argued that a division can be seen in a consumer society between the rich and poor. Because we live in a society where you are judged by what you consume, if you do not have much money to consume in the first place then it’s easy to see how someone who is poor may feel lesser or on the outskirts. What we ‘are in to’ and therefore what we consume not only gives us our identity and personality in the contemporary UK (Susman, cited in Hetherington, 2009, p 42), but also gives us our value within society. Kevin Hetherington in chapter one of the material lives strand, shows us a graph that displays what the average weekly household expenditure on main commodities and services in 2007 (Hetherington, 2009, p 24).*1* Transport is seen to be the top weekly expense, as it’s an essential. People might need to travel to work in order to make money for a consumer lifestyle; however the second highest expenditure was, surprisingly, recreation and culture. This category was higher than food and non-alcoholic drink. Hetherington describes this piece of evidence as ‘noteworthy’ presumably because it highlights how our society has become a consumeristic. We spend more money on things we ‘are in to’ than groceries in a week. If you are poorer than the average person in the UK, then it would be very difficult to fit into a society that revolves around consuming when you cannot. *2* Zygmunt Bauman depicts this division between poor and rich in his concept of the seduced and the repressed (Bauman, cited in Hetherington, 2009, p25+26). According to him, people that live in contemporary western society can be roughly put into two categories. The seduced being those who are able to ‘consume effectively’; they are employed, or young and good looking or have a particular skill that is valued financially within society. The repressed might be those that are old without a good pension, or the homeless. These people are repressed as they, more often than not, do not have the means to consume effectively and are therefore valued less in society. This causes a division as they are likely to not feel accepted by the majority who are able to consume. *1* Good content but try to be briefer, no need at all to refer to the module: â€Å"Hetherington displays a graph showing average household expenditure in 2007 (Hetherington, 2009, p 24)†.* *2* Here is where you could helpfully split this paragraph, the first section could have your main point emphasised again and then this would make a good paragraph on its own. People with disabilities might also be seen to fit into the repressed category Bauman speaks of, as they are not always able to go shopping for themselves and a lot of their money arguably goes on facilitating a life in which it is hard to get around. Furthermore, people who are mentally disabled might not have the capacity to know what sorts of things to consume in order for them to fit in with the latest fashion or with the people they’d like to be friends with. Additionally, people that are physically disabled might not only feel excluded by not having the means to consume effectively and therefore fit in with others, but may also be physically excluded as most shopping malls or places of social activity do not cater for someone who is physically impaired. Most shopping malls in particular have escalators, or stairs, or walkways without railings which means those who are disabled are not able to go into these places. This creates a divide between those who are able and those who are less able and can be seen to convey, whether it’s fair or not, that in society, there are winners and losers, people who lose out and people who are winning in the capitalistic race. Excellent content, I appreciate this is your own approach but it is relevant. However, if you find a suitable brief quote from the course it would be better evidenced, you can always do this appropriately but paragraphs without references just show you are not using course material and drop your marks down. This depiction of winners and losers within society is further seen in the tension between supermarkets and small shop keepers on the high street, which can also be described as those that have the power to influence where we shop and those that do not have as much power. This tension is evidently seen in the local market statistics and the falling number of independently owned shops, as well as factory surveys and local case st udies that highlight poverty and hardship (Allen, 2009, p93). Farmer’s markets and independently owned shops on the high street were once the most popular places to shop and were seen by some to contribute to the feeling of community in towns and small cities. *2* However in contemporary consumer society the majority of people are shopping a lot more at big supermarkets and chain stores, resulting in smaller shop keepers going out of business. Consumers may argue here that in supermarkets there’s a lot on offer and for a cheap price. Furthermore, supermarkets sell a huge range of different products, ranging from food to furniture to DVDs (‘Evidence in the social sciences’, 2009, track 1). People these days want all the trappings that come with a consumer lifestyle, and at supermarkets they can get these things for cheaper prices compared with independently owned stores, which appeals to the masses. *3* It is obvious to see how independent store owners and market stall owners may feel some animosity towards supermarket s, causing a power-play division. Excellent content and referencing from various sources, well done *3* You have too much of your own opinion in the next to last sentence here, also you need to mention Dennis Wrong’s theory of zero-sum and positive sum games ( Allen, 2009, p. 70). On the other hand however, supermarkets may argue that their shops contribute to regeneration on the high street as people who might not live in the area are drawn to it because of these mega stores and therefore more people are drawn to high street shops. Furthermore, national market statistics could also be seen as favourable to supermarkets. *4* People are drawn into buying more through these big chain stores therefore the economy is not going downhill. Although, the question arises: to what expense? *5* Supermarket owners say that the exploitation of people working in sweatshops still benefits the workers, as factory visits and local wage level comparisons suggest improved living standards (Allen, 2009, p93). However one might argue that this is true yet the workers are not in a position to protest as, if they do, the supermarkets will always find other people who are desperate to earn money, in that same country or another, who will work for them. *2* This might create a divide in consumer society between those who want to carry on consuming without worrying who’s expense it might be at or if the environment is suffering because of it, and those who care about the exploitation of people from third world countries and how the exportation of goods from countries that are far away increases our carbon footprint. *4* We may be a consumer society, but more and more people are becoming aware and active in world-wide issues like poverty and global warming. This creates a divide between those that are environmentally aware and retailers/ shop owners that have workers in third world countries and are exploiting them. Again, excellent content *4* needs referencing more, quantitative evidence can be shown by the inclusion of a few relevant figures with a reference rather than a word discussion *5* do not include extra questions here, just answer the one set In conclusion, it plausible to say our society is seen to be divided in many different ways. The points I have explored, not only show the many divisions that come up in a consumer society, but also propose the question: is a consumer society a sustainable one? Furthermore, is all that we consume globally sustainable? It is possible that our rate of consumption will one day come to a halt. Additionally, one might argue that the many divisions that are created not just between the general public but between shop-owners show that there are cracks beginning to form in our society.

Cognitive Theories Essay

Cognition is the process involved in thinking and mental activity. Cognitive theories are not centred on the unconscious mind of the child but emphasized the conscious thoughts. In this essay I will discuss the cognitive theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analysing the cognitive development process of the child. I will outline Piaget’s theory of the four stages of cognitive development and Vygotsky’s theory on the sociocultural cognitive theory. I will also discuss how cognitive theories can be applied to the education of the child. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) believed that children are active in the process of their cognitive development. As Bee and Boyd note in The Developing Child â€Å"the child is an active participant in the development of knowledge† (Bee and Boyd, 1939, p.150). Piaget said that children reason and think differently at different stages in their lives. He believed that children process through four stages of cognitive development. Each stage is characterised by an overall structure and a sequence of development. According to Piagetian theory, these structures consist of â€Å"schemes† or â€Å"schemas†, which are a way of organising experience. These schemes adapt through a continuous process of â€Å"assimilation† and â€Å"accommodation†, in an attempt to achieve â€Å"equilibrium†, which is the balance between the two. Assimilation is the process of adapting new experiences to fit into existing schemes. Accommodation is the process of adapting existi ng schemes to fit new experiences. (Piaget’s Theory, www. 6th February 2012). The first of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage. It occurs from birth to about two years of age. This stage is divided into six sub stages: reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions and beginning of representational thought. He believed that this stage is a period of practical discovery, which happens by interacting with the environment through the senses. Infants discover a relationship between their body and the environment. The infant develops independent thinking, a sense of self and the beginning of symbolic thought. This stage promotes that thought is based primarily on action. (Bee and Boyd, 1939). As Santrock says in Child Development â€Å"their main task is to coordinate their sensory impressions with their motor activity† (Santrock, 1982, p.188). The second of Piaget’s stages is the pre-operational stage. It occurs from two to about seven years of age. Piaget believed that at this time children fail to â€Å"conserve†. This is the understanding that things remain constant in terms of number, quantity and volume regardless of changes in appearance. He believed that at this stage children begin to represent the world through symbols e.g. drawing, images and words. This stage is characterized by the development of symbolic thought, representation, egocentrism, centration and intuitive thought. (Bee and Boyd, 1939). The third of Piaget’s theories is the concrete-operations stage. It occurs from seven to about eleven years of age. He believed this stage is characterized by the ability to perform operational tasks such as classification, seriation and reversibility. The child now understands the conservation of mass, length, weight and volume. As it states in Child Development â€Å"Concrete operations allow children to coordinate several characteristics rather than focus on a single property of an object† (Santrock, 1982, p.193). Children can use abstract thinking as long as they can relate back to concrete examples. In the concrete-operations stage, he believed the child is no longer egocentric; they have the ability to de-centre. (Bee and Boyd, 1939). The fourth and last stage of Piaget’s theories is the formal operations stage. It occurs between eleven and about fifteen years of age, although Piaget says that some people may never reach this stage of cognitive development. He believes that in this period individuals are able to think and reason scientifically (Piaget’s Theory, www. 6th February 2012). Children have the capacity to move beyond definite experiences and think in more logical ways. This stage is characterized by abstract thinking, hypothetical deductive reasoning and idealism.(Bee and Boyd, 1939). In contrast to Piaget, Lev Semeonovich Vygotsky (1896-1934) did not believe in distinct stages of development. He saw the development of cognition as a continual process that is determined by the culture and social influences. He believed children are only as cognitively developed as the culture in which they live and that learning in conjunction with social interaction leads to cognitive development. As is says in The Developing Child â€Å"social interaction is required for cognitive development† (Bee and Boyd, 1939, p.163). One of the main ideas proposed by Vygotsky is the Zone of Proximal Development. This refers to the distance between the actual development of a child through individual problem solving and the level of development through problem solving under the guidance of an adult. A child’s actual development level indicates a child’s level of mental development at a particular time. It indicates the functions that have already matured in the child. A child’s zone of proximal development show the functions that have not matured yet, but that are in the process of maturing and developing. (Learning Theories, www. 7th February 2012). Vygotsky also believed that language played an important role in a child’s cognitive development. He believed language and thought develop independently and when the child is about two years of age they come together. Vygotsky describes three stages of development in language. The first stage is social speech or external speech. A child uses external speech to express simple thoughts and emotions such as crying or laughing. The second stage is egocentric speech, it is usually found in children between the ages of three and seven. The child will talk to him/herself during activities. They think out loud in an attempt to guide their own behaviour. The third stage is inner speech. As the child gets older he/she will begin to supress egocentric speech in the form of inner speech, and it is inner speech that becomes the child’s thoughts. Vygotsky proposed that language allows the child a greater freedom of thought and leads to cognitive development. (Santrock, 1982). As it states in Child Development â€Å"Children must use language to communicate with orders before they can focus inward on their own thoughts† (Santrock, 1982, p.202). Both Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory have a profound effect on the educational process and can be applied in many ways. Piaget and Vygotsky agree that the child actively takes part in his/her education and therefore require a style of teaching that provides opportunities to be active participants in their own learning. Both theories view the child as individual beings. They both agree with a child centred curriculum and see the role of the teacher as a guide and facilitator rather than a director. Both theories propose that the teacher has to have good observation skills and to have an understanding of the children in the learning environment. (Santrock, 1982). Vygotsky believed that education held a more important role in the child’s cognitive development. He proposed the involvement of the teacher to guide the child through his/her zone of proximal development and that instruction should be based on the child’s potential level. Vygotsky’s theory proposes using peers as tutors in supporting and guiding the child. He believed that thinking depended on language skills and is developed and maintained by social interaction. Learning involves at least two people therefore the probable scope of Zone of Proximal Development is dependent on the skills of both the child and the teacher. (Santrock, 1982). However, Piaget saw education as a method of refinement for the already developing cognitive skills. He believed cognitive development cannot be accelerated through instruction and concepts should not be taught until the child has reached the right stage. Piaget believed children are able to work best when they are active. He saw the child as a lone explorer discovering things for him/herself. He also believed the role of the teacher is a facilitator and guide to provide the correct materials and environment for the child. As it says in Child Development â€Å"Effective teachers listen, watch, and question students, to help them gain better understanding† (Santrock, 1982, p.197). Piaget’s theory suggests that the peers and not the adults in the classroom have a stronger influence on the child’s development. (Santrock, 1982). In this essay I have discussed the cognitive theories of Piaget and Vygotsky and how they can be applied to the education of the child. Piaget and Vygotsky’s impact on children’s cognitive development has been remarkable. Their cognitive theories have contributed to our understanding of the importance of developmental changes in children’s thinking and the cognitive processes. They looked at how children see the world and the influences that impact on the thinking process and saw that the cognitive theories are a positive approach to the child as they are active participants in their own development. For many years teachers have revised their approach in the classroom and applied the cognitive theories to the education of the child.

Story on Animal Captivity Essays

Story on Animal Captivity Essays Story on Animal Captivity Paper Story on Animal Captivity Paper Many people have heard about Keiko, the killer whale, who starred in the movie Free Willy. After seeing the movie, audiences discovered that the friendly whale in the movie was in a tank too small and in bad health because of that and other complications that come with being taken from its natural habitat to a place where it cant meet its own needs. Soon a foundation was set u[ and money started pouring in from children and their schools to come up with a plan to one day free Keiko. The tank/habitat cost $7.3 million to build and $9 million for staff, veterinarian, care, food, utilities and other costs for the first two years alone (Oregon Coast Aquarium). With all the problems in the world with humans and animals, it is hard to see this much money going to help just one whale. There are different types of animal stories that people hear about. There are the wonderful stories about adorable animals that do something amazing or need our help. There are also stories about animals that are used in good and bad experiments. When you hear about the treatment of some animals for research, you feel like forgetting about research. One such story was in 1988, three gray whales got stuck in freezing waters in Alaska, the whales were at risk of drowning because the holes in the ice that they were using to breathe were slowly freezing over. a large rescue was put together that ended up involving the National Guard and the U.S. and Soviet governments to get the whales free (Luke 87). Another story is of a mother cat that risked burning to death to save her kittens from a burning building. She and her kittens needed a home, which they got after the news coverage of the amazing act of the mother. The first story is amazing because two separate governments (which havent been able to get along for the most part of the last 50 years and have only recently started to become friendly) came together to help three animals that needed some outside help. The question is: were the two governments and other groups that helped, really trying to help the whales or get attention for themselves, and say Hey, we are helpful to everyone including animals that cant even ask for help. The news is just as bad as the two governments and groups. the reporters give the animals names, which makes viewers feel like they know the animals involved, so they keep watching to find out what happens. TV is the land of ratings and the only way to get ratings is to grab the audiences attention, with stories that make audiences have strong emotions about something (Luke 87). The cat and her kittens all got happy homes and the whales were able to go on their way, so in these two cases everything was successful. Then there are the more extreme cases of when activists illegally raid research facilities to free animals that are being experimented on. Some of these stories are justified, when the experiments being done and the condition of the animals are discovered. In some cases newborn animals such as monkeys are taken away from their mothers as soon as they are born, and are started on experiments. Some experiments range from implanting devices, electrical cords for stimulation, or a variety of things. These are some of the more extreme cases of experimentation and sometimes groups, such as PETA, step in and take things into their own hands, Illegally (Newkirk). Most people dont think about what it really means to try and release an animal back into the wild and what all needs to be done for the act to take place. People and activists that are saying that the animals should be released arent thinking about the fact that many of the animals have been in captivity for many years or born in captivity. These animals have been hand fed and not had to worry about predators. They have forgotten how to hunt and protect themselves which, in the wild, are the two main survival needs. The animals have to be able to move with the seasons as their food moves. Another consideration that is over looked is that the captive animals may have picked up diseases that dont appear in the wild and cold threaten the survival of whole species (Zaneski).  some studies have been done with releasing dolphins back into the wild. In some cases the dolphins were unable to rejoin with dolphin pods and started hanging around fishing boats and beaches. The studies done arent all that good. The dolphins werent kept track of for very long so its not for certain whether or not they were able to survive (Zaneski). This brings us back to the question: is it worth the time and large amounts of money to try and teach animals that have been either held or born in captivity to live in the wild again or for the first time in their lives? It appears that many people feel this way by the outpouring of money to help just one whale. Captain Paul Watson, founder of the Sea Shepard conservation Society, believes that a lot of the recent out pouring of aid to a few animals is because of the media giving these few animals names. When something is named it is harder to forget about it, and makes it seem more human. He believes that individual animals are helped more than the species as a whole because with individual animals it is easier to see and understand what their problems are. Many people, for example, have helped Keiko, because he was in a movie about a whale being free. Then everyone wanted that to happen for the whale actor, especially when they found out that Keiko was living in a tank that was too small which was contributing to health problems (Watson). Captain Watson also point ou that not all places that hold animals are bad. Example one is the Mirage Hotel in Las Vega that rescues animals from poor living conditions at other places. Some of the animals taken in had been abused at one time. At the Mirage, no expense is spared and they arent forced to perform. Another example is Sea World, which only takes in animals that need rescuing, from strandings, or some other reasons that caused them to need rescuing and care (Watson). After being rescued or born in captivity, these animals learn to depend on humans for protection and food. Releasing them back into the wild would then be less humane than keeping them in captivity. At least when they are in captivity they are being taken care of. It may not be the animals natural habitats, but if it comes to choosing between keeping them in captivity and releasing them back into the wild, the choice should be to keep them in captivity. In the wild they will most likely end up starving to death or being eaten by a larger animal, so keeping them in captivity is for their best interest, instead of trying to get them back to the wild.

Juvenile Incarceration Linked to More Crime

Juvenile Incarceration Linked to More Crime Juvenile offenders who are incarcerated for their crimes are more likely to have significantly worse outcomes in their life than youngsters who commit the same crimes, but receive some other form of punishment and are not incarcerated. A study of 35,000 Chicago juvenile offenders over a 10-year period by economists at the M.I.T. Sloan School of Management found substantial differences in outcomes between kids who were incarcerated and those who were not sent to detention. Those who were incarcerated were much less likely to graduate from high school and much more likely to wind up in prison as adults. A Deterrent to Crime? One might think that it would be a logical conclusion that teens who commit crimes bad enough to be incarcerated for will naturally be more likely to drop out of school and wind up in adult prison, but the MIT study compared those juveniles with others who committed the same crimes but happened to draw a judge who was less likely to send them to detention. Approximately 130,000 juveniles are incarcerated in the United States each year with an estimated 70,000 of them in detention on any given day. The MIT researchers wanted to determine if jailing juvenile offenders actually deterred future crime or it disrupted the childs life in such a way that it increases the likelihood of future crime. In the juvenile justice system, there are judges who tend to hand out sentences that include incarceration and there are judges who tend to mete out punishment that doesnt include actual incarceration. In Chicago, juvenile cases are randomly assigned to judge with different sentencing tendencies. The researchers, using a database created by the Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago looked at cases in which judges had wide latitude in determining sentencing. More Likely to End Up in Prison The system of randomly assigning cases to judges with different approaches to sentencing set up a natural experiment for the researchers. They found that juveniles who were incarcerated were less likely to return to high school and graduate. The graduation rate was 13% lower for those who were jailed than offenders who were not incarcerated. They also found that those who were incarcerated were 23% more likely to end up in prison as adults and more likely to have committed a violent crime. Teen offenders, especially those around age 16, were not only less likely to graduate from high school if they had been incarcerated, but they were also less likely to return to school at all. Less Likely to Return to School The researchers found that incarceration proved to be so disruptive in the juveniles lives, many dont return to school afterward and those who do go back to school are much more likely to be classified as having an emotional or behavior disorder, compared with those who committed the very same crimes, but werent jailed. The kids who go to juvenile detention are very unlikely to go back to school at all, said MIT economist Joseph Doyle in a news release. Getting to know other kids in trouble may create social networks that might not be desirable. There could be a stigma attached to it, maybe you think youre particularly problematic, so that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. The authors want to see their research duplicated in other jurisdictions to see if the results hold up, but the conclusions of this one study seem to indicate that incarcerating juveniles does not act as a deterrent to crime, but actually has the opposite effect. Source: Aizer, A, et al. Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges. Quarterly Journal of Economics February 2015.

Globalisation, Brands & Business Organisation Essay

Globalisation, Brands & Business Organisation - Essay Example It therefore follows that corporate branding is now a powerful method by which corporations can signal corporate social responsibility. This research study demonstrates that corporate social responsibility is an important feature of corporate social responsibility and as such branding creates pressure on corporations to implement greater corporate social responsibility practices. The main question is whether or not using corporate branding to improve corporate social responsibility is a sound financial decision for companies. Will consumers be moved to purchase branded products because they are linked to corporate social responsibility? Or should companies market their brands so as to influence consumer sentiments in favour of the social or ethical standard incorporated in the brand? In determining whether or not to incorporate CSR into corporate branding another relevant question is whether or not companies can strategically and effectively make the connection between a trademark an d CSR. These are the main questions considered in this research study. This study is therefore divided into two parts. The first part of this study offers a definition and explanation of the concepts and development of corporate social responsibility in the 21st century. The second part of this paper represents the main part of this study and analyses corporate branding and demonstrates its synergy with corporate social responsibility. The second part of the paper also demonstrates how corporate social responsibility is an important part of corporate branding and corporate reputation management. Introduction Corporate branding is an important strategy used by firms to remain current and meaningful or to respond to market changes. Corporate branding is driven by brand personality which reflects the values of the corporation.1 Thus corporate branding and brand personality connects the values of the corporation with consumers either directly or indirectly. In this regard, brands build corporate reputation and essentially require stakeholder management.2 Brands make promises and build trust and as such are just as effective for connecting the corporation with the community and stakeholders as corporate social responsibility (CSR) is.3 Brand value can measure corporate performance as a result of its combined commercial value, its ability to drive consumer demand and its strength in terms of building corporate reputation, loyalty and market position.4 It therefore follows that branding can be an important instrument for implementing CSR. However, there are a number of important issues worth considering. Firstly, the issue of whether or not trademarks or brands can be effectively used to connect specific aspects of CSR to the company behind the trademark or the brand is important for determining the feasibility of implementing CSR in corporate branding strategies. Secondly, the issue of whether or not corporations may have to market brands or trademarks so as to infl uence consumer loyalty to the CSR issue and thus the brand or trademark requires consideration. Thirdly, it is also important to determine the extent to which CSR influences consumers to purchase a brand connected to a social cause or issue. CSR is particularly important for today’

Keynesian economists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Keynesian economists - Essay Example The paper also considers the negative impact of government interference in business as per the suggestions of Keynesian economists. Keynesian economics is based on aggregate demand and government intervention. The theory was created by John Maynard Keyes to explain the Great Depression in the 1930s (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2010). At the time, the classical economics theories assumed that the free market would automatically self-regulate by providing employment and sustain the economy. Goods and services’ total demand in the economy at a specified time is aggregate demand. Prior to Keynesian economics, the assumption was that a decrease in aggregate demand in the economy would result in fewer goods and job opportunities. This would translate to reduced wages and inflation, which would enable employers to invest and create more jobs. However, the great depression disapproved the theory. Many factors influence aggregate demand. During a recession, the decisions made by the private sector may reduce consumer spending (Higgins, 2013). Similarly, prices and wages gradually respond to the fluctuations of demand an d supply causing shortages or surpluses in employment opportunities. Keynesian economists hold that government intervention plays a key role in solving the problem of insufficient aggregate demand. Aggregate demand represents the spending of the government, public and private sector. Insufficiency in aggregate demand comes about when the spending of all these sectors reduces. The government is in a position to solve the problem of insufficient aggregate demand through active policies like fiscal stimulus package and job creation, which increases spending and restores aggregate demand. Many theories against government interference with business find unbalanced government budgets disturbing for the economy (Higgins, 2013). Nonetheless, Keynesian economists find that government intervention